Post+1945+Era

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 * **Postwar Trials**
 * ** After WWII, international and domestic courts held trials of accused war criminals **
 * ** In 1942, Allied leaders stated their determination to punish war criminals **
 * ** On December 17, 1942, Allied leaders issued a declaration that sought to punish those responsible for crimes against civilian populations. **
 * ** On October 1943, the [| Moscow Declaration] was signed. **
 * ** The Moscow Declaration stated that all accused war criminals would be tried in their own respective country. **
 * ** Between October 18, 1945 and October 1, 1946, 22 "major criminals" were tried **
 * ** Crimes against humanity: Murder, extermination, enslavement, or deportation, on political, racial, or religious grounds. **
 * ** Of the 22, 12 were convicted to death, 3 to life in prison, and 4 to prison terms between 10 and 20 years. **
 * ** After these major trials, there were the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings[[image:43042.jpg width="274" height="216"]]**
 * The Nuremberg Proceedings
 * **The Nuremberg Trials resulted in the conviction of 97 people of war crimes.**
 * **The major Allied countries (USA, France, Britain, and USSR) that occupied Germany at the time held trials in their respective zones that they controlled.**
 * **American officials were interested in the denazification (removal of Nazis) and the reformation of the German court system.**
 * **To date, 925 trials have been held in West Germany, against National Socialist era crimes.**
 * **Other countries, such as Poland, have taken to court cases of genocide against that countries Jewish population.**
 * **Many of these trials were against Auschwitz officials. The director, Rudolf Höss was sentenced to death, among others.**
 * [[image:90326.jpg]]
 * The Entrance to the Auschwitz II, the largest of the Auschwitz camps.
 * **Unfortunately, many Nazi officials and other criminals never were convicted.**
 * **Although there still were Nazis left after the trials, their numbers were greatly reduced.**
 * ** Displaced Persons Camps **
 * **Displaced Person Camps (DP Camps) were for Holocaust survivors**
 * Sh'erit ha-Pletah was a phrase used for the Jewish DPs. It means Surviving Remnants.
 * Josef Rosensaft was the head of the Jewish DP committee. He was elected three days after the liberation of Bergen-Belsen.
 * The Americans let the Jewish DPs come to America.
 * The [|Joint Distribution Committee] (JDC) and the [|United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration] (UNRRA) provided supplies for the DPs.
 * By 1947 there were 250,000 Jewish DPs in Germany, Austria and Italy.
 * Different committees helped to get the Jewish DPs back on track by training them for jobs and gathering their supplies used for religious and cultural purposes.
 * In 1952 only one DP camp was left
 * [[image:http://www.dpcamps.org/seedorfoodstores.jpg]]This is a Camp in Seedorf.
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 * **Emigration**
 * **Many survivors of the Holocaust were waiting for an opportunity to emigrate from Europe. These people felt that they could not continue living in their former villages because they had become graveyards during the war.**
 * **Jewish survivors also feared returning to their former homes because of anti-Semitism in parts of Europe and the trauma they had suffered.**
 * **There were still Jews who remained in Eastern Europe.**
 * **Many Jewish survivors took refuge in American Displaced Persons Camps as temporary asylums. This movement was known as “B’richa”, an organized and illegal mass movement of Jews throughout Europe to America.**
 * **[[image:http://fcit.usf.edu/HOLOCAUST/gifs2/89680.gif]]Eleanor Roosevelt visiting a displaced persons’ camp.**
 * **There were many Jewish agencies that worked with displaced Jewish persons. They provided food and clothing and looked for emigration opportunities. Some of these groups were the Joint Distribution Committee and [|Sh’erit ha-Pletah] (Hebrew for “surviving remnant”)**
 * **[[image:http://www.ushmm.org/lcmedia/photo/lc/image/78/78656.jpg]] Survivors of a concentration camp**
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http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005140